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Mount Airy, Richmond County, Virginia
Mount Airy, near Warsaw in Richmond County, Virginia, built in 1764, is a mid-Georgian plantation house, the first built in the manner of a neo-Palladian villa. It was constructed for Colonel John Tayloe II, perhaps the richest Virginia planter of his generation. Mount Airy is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark and on the Virginia Landmarks Register. Colonel John Tayloe II's son-in-law, Francis Lightfoot Lee—a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his wife Rebecca Tayloe, are buried on the estate. Francis Lightfoot Lee was one of only two brothers to sign the Declaration with Richard Henry Lee being the other. Mount Airy was first and foremost a stud horse farm and slave plantation, and is still privately owned today by the Tayloe family.
==Architecture==
Mount Airy is composed of a massive two-story central block above a high basement, long and deep, two curving one-story passageways, and two -square two-story end dependencies set forward.〔NRHP Inventory, Nomination Form,'' § 7, Description〕 The five-part unit, long, encloses three sides of a semi-circular forecourt.〔 This court is raised by a low terrace above the entrance drive and is reached by cut and molded stone steps, flanked by elaborate carved stone vases on pedestals.〔 Set on a ridge, the house commands a wide view of the Rappahannock River Valley.〔 The walls of the central unit are made of dark-brown sandstone, carefully hewn and laid in courses of random height, with architectural trim in light-colored limestone.〔 It is possible that the exterior may originally have been stuccoed though no trace remains.〔 The north or entrance façade is approached from the forecourt by a flight of steps leading to a recessed loggia, whose square columns, faced with four Roman Doric pilasters, define three rectilinear openings.〔 The projecting central pavilion is of rusticated limestone, with three windows in the second story and a crowning pediment.〔 The south or garden facade is almost identical in composition except that the three entrances in the pavilion are spanned by round arches with heavily marked voussoirs and keystones, and the upper windows are unframed.〔 The other windows are framed by stone architraves and sills, and the limestone belt course and rusticated angle quoins are very prominent.〔 The existing broad hip roof, pierced by four interior chimneys located near the ridge, is a replacement of the original roof, possibly a hip-on-hip that was destroyed by fire in 1844.〔
The south or rear elevation was undoubtedly taken directly from ''Plate LVIII'' of James Gibbs' ''Book of Architecture'' and the north elevation was less directly derived from a plate of Haddo House in Scotland, shown in William Adam's ''Vitruvius Scoticus''.〔
The two stone two-story dependencies have hipped roofs and central chimneys and their corners are given the same quoin treatment as the main house.〔 The connecting passageways, also of stone, are quadrants covered with shed roofs that are concealed from the north or front.〔 At the junction with the central block, the roofs of the connections are stepped up to allow entrances to the main floor of the house.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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